面试题与答案

ARP is used to map a 32-bit IP address to a MAC address on a local network, allowing communication between devices.

A router connects different networks and directs data between them based on IP addresses. It operates at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model.

ICMP is used to send error messages and operational information about network conditions. It is commonly used for troubleshooting.

DHCP dynamically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network, simplifying network configuration and management.

The subnet mask defines the network and host portions of an IP address. It is used in conjunction with IP addresses for routing and addressing purposes.

Static routing requires manual configuration of routes, while dynamic routing protocols automatically adapt to changes in the network topology.

Half-duplex communication allows data transmission in both directions, but not simultaneously. Full-duplex communication allows simultaneous two-way data transmission.

ICMP Echo Request and Echo Reply messages are used for ping tests to check network connectivity and measure round-trip time.

A firewall monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules, preventing unauthorized access.

NTP is used to synchronize the clocks of devices on a network, ensuring accurate timekeeping for various applications and services.

The MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface card (NIC) to enable communication within a network segment.