面试题与答案

Most developers prefer Django due to its dominance in the market, as it shows high computational and statistical capabilities. The following are some of the advantages of Django:

• Django follows Python’s ‘batteries included’ trait. Python is generally referred to as ‘batteries included’ because it has a unified standard library, helping developers use readymade packages to add features to a web project. 
• Most of the packages in Python’s standard library are open-source. With these packages, you can even implement authentication, admin interfacing, session management, and other advanced functionalities. 
• Python and Django are core technologies in IT giants, the Internet of Things (IoT), and blue chip companies. Therefore, learning it would help you establish a lucrative career. 

   

• Security is yet another advantage of using the Django framework. Applications developed on Django are protected against SQL injection, clickjacking, XSS and CSRF attacks, etc.
• The built-in template language of Django promotes the process of building applications. 
• Django enables developers to create applications and configure frameworks on the go. Also, it offers support for external libraries and packages. Django focuses on explicit programming, allowing the developers to create applications that require frequent changes.
• It helps in faster development and is thus used by most companies. If the configuration is correct, then you can use Django for optimizing web applications.
• Django has a REST framework, a python library, that helps develop APIs for many applications. Using these APIs, you can add advanced functionalities to your applications.
• Django comes with ML capabilities and libraries such as PyTorch, NumPy, etc.

Despite many advantages, developers still find it challenging to make the transition. The following are some disadvantages of using the Django framework:

• Django lacks conventions that can be followed by developers for web development.
• It is not ideal for smaller projects having fewer requirements because it has a vast structure and heavy functionalities 
• The Django framework is monolithic, i.e., developers have to work on the given patterns

The following are the best features of the Django framework:

• Compared to other Python frameworks, Django has the best documentation available in the market
• It is a Python-based framework that offers all Python libraries for use in an application to add extra functionality
• Django primarily maintains a website using URLs rather than its IP address on the server, making it easier for SEO engineers to add the website to the servers
• It is highly versatile and scalable
• Django is highly secure and thoroughly tested
• It also ensures rapid development

Django follows the Model-View-Template(MVT) architecture based on a popular Model-View-Controller(MVC) architectural pattern, which is followed by popular web-frameworks like Ruby on Rails, Laravel etc.

Django’s Model-View-Template architecture divides the complete application into three major logical components:

1. Model 
2. View
3. Template

All these three components are responsible for handling the different aspects of the web application.

Model: The models handle the database schema for the web applications. It maintains and represents the complete application data into the database. The default relational database used by the model is SQLite which is generally used in development, but in production we can use the MySQL and Postgres.

View: The view component manages all the logic of the application that we want to render on the user’s browser. In Django, the view acts as a bridge between the models and the templates. In the views, we can fetch the data from the models and render it on the template.

Template: The template component is the collection of static parts of the application such as the HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Image files. The view uses the template as the base on which the data should be presented, because at the end, the web-application uses the static files to represent the content on the user browser.

The following is the project directory structure in Django:

• manage.py: It is a command-line utility, allowing users to interact with their Django project
• __init__.py: An empty file specifying Python to consider the current directory as a Python package
• settings.py: It contains the necessary configurations of the project, such as DB connections
• urls.py: It holds all the URLs of a project
• wsgi.py: It is an application’s entry point used by web servers to serve the project 

The architecture of Django consists of the following components:

• Models: It specifies the database schema and the data structure
• Views: It controls what a user will see, the view used to retrieve the data from appropriate models, implement calculation on the data, and pass it to the desired template
• Templates: It specifies how the user sees it. It describes how the data received from the views should be formatted to display on a page
• Controller: The Django framework and URL parsing

Django is based on the MVT architecture, and since Django is the controller of the architecture, it has defined some rules that all developers need to follow to execute appropriate files at the right time.

In Django, you get great customizability with implementation. But you are not allowed to make changes to the file names, the predefined lists, and variable names. You have to create the new ones, but you can’t make changes to the predefined variables.

The monolithic behavior helps the developers to understand the project easily. Even if the company changes, the project layout will remain the same. Therefore, developers take less time to understand the code, increasing productivity.

In Django, the packages website is the place where all the third-party applications are uploaded. You can install them in your system.

Django is a compelling framework and is used by various renowned organizations. Some of the highly trafficked websites using Django are:

• Instagram
• Pinterest
• Disqus
• Mozilla
• Bitbucket
• YouTube
• Spotify
• NASA
• Eventbrite

The following are the exception classes available in Django:

Field class types specify the following:

• The database column type.
• The default HTML widget for availing while rendering a form field.
• The minimal validation requirements used in Django admin that helps in automatically generated forms.

The following is a list of some companies that use Django:

• PBS
• Instagram
• Mozilla
• The Washington Times
• Disqus, Bitbucket
• NextDoor
• YouTube
• Pinterest
• DISCUS