面试题与答案

Partitioning involves dividing a large table into smaller, more manageable parts based on certain criteria. It helps in parallel processing and efficient data retrieval.

Example:

Partitioning a table based on date, so each partition contains data for a specific time range.

The CAP theorem states that a distributed system cannot simultaneously provide all three guarantees: Consistency, Availability, and Partition tolerance. Distributed databases must trade off between these guarantees.

Example:

Choosing between consistency and availability in a distributed database during a network partition.

Data sharding involves dividing a database into smaller, independent parts (shards) that can be distributed across multiple servers. It helps improve scalability and performance.

Example:

Sharding a user database based on geographic regions to distribute the load and enhance query performance.

Data skew occurs when certain partitions or shards have significantly more data than others. Techniques to handle data skew include re-partitioning, data pre-processing, and using advanced algorithms for data distribution.

Example:

Re-partitioning a dataset based on a different key to distribute the data more evenly in a Spark job.