Interview Questions and Answers

• In Python memory management is done using private heap space. The private heap is the storage area for all the data structures and objects. The interpreter has access to the private heap and the programmer cannot access this private heap. 
• The storage allocation for the data structures and objects in Python is done by the memory manager. The access for some tools is provided by core API for programmers to code.
• The built-in garbage collector in Python is used to recycle all the unused memory so that it can be available for heap storage area.

Please refer Java vs Python.

Pickling in Python: The process in which the pickle module accepts various Python objects and converts them into a string representation and dumps the file accordingly using the dump function is called pickling. 

Unpickling in Python: The process of retrieving actual Python objects from the stored string representation is called unpickling.

Python String Format: The String format() method in Python is mainly used to format the given string into an accurate output or result.

Python String Replace: This method is mainly used to return a copy of the string in which all the occurrence of the substring is replaced by another substring.

The built-in modules in Python are:

• sys module
• OS module
• random module
• collection module
• JSON
• Math module

The _init_ is a special type of method in Python that is called automatically when the memory is allocated for a new object. The main role of _init_ is to initialize the values of instance members for objects. 

The way of implementing an effective representation of iterators is known as generators. It is only the normal function that yields expression in the function.

The docstring in Python is also called a documentation string, it provides a way to document the Python classes, functions, and modules.

The elements can be removed from a Python array using the remove() or pop() function. The difference between pop() and remove() will be explained in the below example.

Example of remove():

fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

fruits.remove('banana')

print(fruits)

Output:

['apple', 'cherry']

Example of pop():

fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

fruits.pop(1)

print(fruits)

Output:

The difference between Python array and Python list is as follows:

Both methods are mainly used in Python to iterate the for loop for a fixed number of times. They differ only when we talk about Python versions.

The difference between range and xrange is as follows:

In simple words, abstraction can be defined as hiding unnecessary data and showing or executing necessary data. In technical terms, abstraction can be defined as hiding internal processes and showing only the functionality. In Python abstraction can be achieved using encapsulation.

Encapsulation is one of the most important aspects of object-oriented programming. The binding or wrapping of code and data together into a single cell is called encapsulation. Encapsulation in Python is mainly used to restrict access to methods and variables.

By using polymorphism in Python we will understand how to perform a single task in different ways. For example, designing a shape is the task and various possible ways in shapes are a triangle, rectangle, circle, and so on.

Python does not make use of access specifiers and also it does not provide a way to access an instance variable. Python introduced a concept of prefixing the name of the method, function, or variable by using a double or single underscore to act like the behavior of private and protected access specifiers.

Empty class in Python is defined as a class that does not contain any code defined within the block. It can be created using pass keywords and object to this class can be created outside the class itself.

The _init_ method in Python stimulates the constructor of the class. 

Example:

class Person:
  def __init__(self, name, age):
    self.name = name
    self.age = age

p1 = Person("John", 36)

print(p1.name)
print(p1.age)

Output:

John

16

When an object of child class has the ability to acquire the properties of a parent class then it is called inheritance. It is mainly used to acquire runtime polymorphism and also it provides code reusability.

The following are some of the things that you can perform using Python:

• Automate tasks
• Play games
• Build a Blockchain to mine Bitcoins
• Build a chatbot interface combined with AI